Although the concept of “unity” has been a contentious and debatable issue from a theoretical perspective,particularly in terms of relevant definitions, undoubtedly any form of “activism” on the international stage necessitates a call for cooperation, ALLIANCE and coalition within the foreign policy agenda. This perspective resulted in the formation of a trilateral SECURITY Pact among three nations namely Australia,the United Kingdom and the United States in September 2021.This ALLIANCE draws inspiration from a long history of shared SECURITY, political and civilizational ties among the mentioned states.Simultaneously, it has been heralded by their leaders as an innovative response to the emerging threats in the Asia-pacific region, with a particular focus on challenges posed by China.In this article, employing the qualitative research methodology, specifically the explanatory approach, we aim to address the question: “How has the SECURITY ALLIANCE inked by the three nations of the USA, the UK and Australia, in the form of the AUKUS Treaty (2021), impacted the SECURITY landscape within the Asia-pacific region? “Our hypothesis suggests that, the AUKUS Treaty, in spite of possessing the characteristics of a SECURITY ALLIANCE,such as maximum involvement of the three Anglo-Saxon Powers in terms of nuclear cooperation, it has the capability to activate and absorb other SECURITY ALLIANCEs in the region as well.However,due to the fact that the Pact has disregarded the logic of non-proliferation and triggered the balance of threats, it has undermined the regulations concerning Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and escalated China’s tension-inducing standpoint,which can confront the region with new SECURITY crises.

Purpose: Food SECURITY is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food SECURITY and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food SECURITY by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food SECURITY in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food SECURITY. Greater emphasis on food SECURITY contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food SECURITY in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food SECURITY in developing countries.

On March 2021, Iran and China signed an agreement as part of the Chinese Grand strategy, best known as Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI), which is a long-term plan to enable the Chinese government to project its power in the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, and its revolution in 2049. A qualitative content analysis of the unofficially published agreement shows that it goes beyond the perceived position of Iran in the BRI and echoes Iran’s national development plans.  If it means that China would become an engine of growth for Iran, there might be strategic reasons for the Chinese side to accept such a commitment. Thereupon, the main research question is as follows: Given the unequal power position of the two countries in the international system, what would be the primary challenges facing Iran as they relate to the Iran-China 25-year Comprehensive Cooperation Plan? It is widely argued that the main challenge of ALLIANCE is its SECURITY dilemma which include the two dimensions of autonomy/SECURITY and entrapment/abandonment paradoxes. In the research hypothesis, it is postulated that the creation of a balance of power and strengthening common interest is likely to lead to a kind of interdependence between the two superior and weaker countries, and will prevent the emergence of the  SECURITY dilemmas of ALLIANCEs.The method used in the paper is the qualitative content analysis by which the researcher is able to objectively and systematically explain the content of any document such as the Sino-Iran Agreement. This method of analysis will be used to reveal the potential challenges facing the Iranian side as a result of signing the agreement. In general, states’ primary interest inherent in their objectives to form an ALLIANCE might be classified as follows: a) to restore the balance of power, from a realist perspective; and b) to counterbalance against a perceived balance of threat. There are two issues  that are associate with the ALLIANCE SECURITY dilemma; the first one is that in the absence of power parity, maintaining the SECURITY of the inferior state by the superior one would be at the expense of the autonomy of the inferior partner, particularly in its SECURITY decision-making process. The second one is that if the superior state strives to provide a SECURITY umbrella for the inferior state, it might be entrapped into an unwanted conflict with other Great Powers. Of course, if the powerful state fails to protect its ally against other influential states, the inferior partner consequently may decide not to stay in the ALLIANCE, and choose the abandonment as its best option. The issues that threaten all ALLIANCEs are SECURITY dilemmas or predicament situation for the states which are in the ALLIANCE. These are daunting challenges for the main decision-makers who must decide when, in what situations, how, and with what outcomes to enter an ALLIANCE or withdraw from it. In general, three factors should be considered: what are the needs for the formation of an ALLIANCE, to what extent the ALLIANCE partners would meet those needs, and what are the actual terms and conditions of the contract forming the ALLIANCE.In the conclusion, it is argued that since one of the guiding principles of IRI’s foreign policy is the rejection of all forms of domination, it is of paramount importance not to rely on the East (e.g., China) in an attempt to avoid impressive pressures of the West.  By considering the costs and benefits of the challenges posed by the agreement, Iran can avoid the ALLIANCE SECURITY dilemma, lower the likelihood of one-sided dependency by emphasizing dual deterrence from the West and East in accordance with the principles of Iran’s foreign policy. Accordingly, Iran urgently needs to re-evaluate all factors involved in the ALLIANCE-formation process, particularly  the ALLIANCE needs, and the expected outcomes of the terms specified in the text of the bilateral agreement.

The findings of article, by using the theory of threat balance and the Descriptive analytical method and written and virtual sources, show the fragility of the political and SECURITY geopolitics of the UAE and Israel, especially after ISIS; failure in Libya, Yemen and the effort to find a strategic ally and Israel feel threatened by the Islamic Republic of Iran being as close as possible to the borders of the occupied territories); Second; Non-dependence on the United States alone, especially in the military and SECURITY fields; Intense rivalries between Amir Dubai and Abu Dhabi over the future kingdom of the UAE (Emir of Abu Dhabi's attempt to achieve the future kingdom of the UAE and avert the danger of political rivals), Fourth; The economic benefits of the Zionists include their presence in the UAE (oil, the use of UAE military bases and the sale of military weapons) and, ultimately, Trump's success in the US presidential election. The consequences of this problem can be examined in four major dimensions. First; The gradual normalization of the political relations of the Arabs of West Asia with Israel (collapse of the ugliness of the relations of the Arabs with Israel) Second; The escalation of inSECURITY for the Islamic Republic of Iran, the third infiltration of the inSECURITY crisis to the borders of all countries in the region, And finally the escalation of militarism and armed conflicts in the Persian Gulf.